Ecology of sea ice boita. 2 Global significance

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Legendre L., Ackley S., Dieckmann S., Gulliksen B., Horner R., Hoshiai T., Melnikov I., Reeburgh W., Spindler M., and C. Sullivan

The sea ice does not only determine the ecology of ice biota, but it also influences the pelagic systems under the ice cover and at ice edges. In this paper, new estimates of Arctic and Antarctic production of biogenic carbon arc derived, and differences as well as similarities between the two oceans arc examined. In ice-covered seas, high algal concentrations (blooms) occur in association with several types of conditions. Blooms often lead to high sedimentation of intact cells and faecal pellets. In addition to icc-rclatcd blooms, there is progressive accumulation of organic matter in Arctic multi-year ice, whose fate may potentially be similar to that of blooms. A fraction of the carbon fixed by microalgae that grow in sea ice or in relation to it is exported out of the production zone. This includes particulate material sinking out of the euphotic zone, and also material passed on to the food web. Pathways through which ice algal production does reach various components of the pelagic and benthic food webs, and through them such top predators as marine mammals and birds, are discussed. Concerning global climate change and biogcochcmical fluxes of carbon, not all export pathways from the euphotic zone result in the sequestration of carbon for periods of hundreds of years or more. This is because various processes, that take place in both the ice and the water column, contribute to mineralize organic carbon into CO2 before it becomes sequestered. Processes that favour the production and accumulation of biogenic carbon as well as its export to deep waters and sequestration arc discussed, together with those that influence mineralization in the upper ice-covered ocean.

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  • Авторы: Louis Legendre1, Stephen F. Ackley2, Gerhard S. Dieckmann3, BjOrn Gulliksen4, Rita Homer5, Takao Hoshiai6, Igor A. Melnikov7, William S. Reeburgh8, Michael Spindler9 and Cornelius W. Sullivan10 1 Dcpartcmcnt dc biologic, Univcrsitc Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada, G1K7P4 2 U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, Nil 03755, USA 3 Alfred-Wegener-Institut fur Polar- und Meeresforschung, Columbusstrasse, W-2850 Bremerhaven, Federal Republic of Germany " Univcrsity^fromsO (NFII), N-9001 Tromso, Norway 5 School ofOceanography WB-10, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA 6 National Institute of Polar Research, 9-10, Kaga 1-chome, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173, Japan 7 Institute of Oceanology, Academy of Sciences, 23 Krasikova Street, 117218 Moscow, Russia 8 Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701, USA 9 Institute for Polar Fxology, Kiel University, Olshausenstrasse 40, W-2300 Kiel, Federal Republic of Germany 10 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0371, USA
  • Издание: Polar Biol., 12
  • Год издания: 1992
  • Страницы: 429-444
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